Researchers at Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi have developed an innovative solar-powered device that generates both electricity and fresh water. This device integrates concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) cells with membrane distillation, forming part of a larger initiative to address global energy and water shortages.

The hybrid design utilizes waste heat produced by the solar cells to drive a thermal desalination process. This method presents a sustainable alternative to traditional systems that often depend on fossil fuels or separate energy sources.

The findings of this research were led by Dr. Mohamed Ali, Dr. Kabir Ali, and Dr. Mostafa Ismail from the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, and were published in the international journal Energy. Dr. Mohamed Ali highlighted the importance of the system, stating, “Access to clean water is essential in remote communities, supporting health and improving quality of life. By combining renewable energy with sustainable desalination, we address critical energy, water, and environmental challenges.”

To enhance the design, the research team employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate how the system performs under varying solar intensities, water flow rates, and seasonal conditions. Their lab experiments confirmed the simulation results, revealing that freshwater output was highest during summer afternoons, while electricity generation peaked around midday.

The system boasts high energy efficiency, requiring power solely for water pumping, which is significantly less than what traditional desalination methods demand. Despite these advancements, the researchers acknowledge that challenges such as durability in harsh climates and scaling the technology for commercial use remain. Nonetheless, this development represents a significant step forward in creating decentralized and sustainable solutions for arid and remote regions.